<p>This article aims at showing the analysis of society from a philosophical perspective and the contributions of the Illustration around education, ethics and politics. Taking into account hermeneutics and history, it pretends to highlight the individual’s autonomous learning and the critical pedagogy as means to abolish an authoritarian system in order to give way to an emancipating pedagogy. Besides, philosophical considerations such as education, ethics and democracy are remarked in order to reflect on education as a determining stuff of the individual’s development because it is focused on educating upstanding human beings for the social and political life, able to build up a fair society framed by principles like freedom, security and justice.</p>