<p>This article is a review of the academic literature in relation to the construction of development and underdevelopment in rural contexts. For that reason, it was established as an object of study, the different theories and historical notions made in the implementation of that progress. Therefore, the previous work is part of a case study conducted in the province of Sugamuxi, Boyacá, in order to generate practical, methodological and conceptual proposals to be developed from Social Work in the development field.</p>