<p>In the past 25 years in Europe, new synthetic drugs have emerged from the khat plant (Catha edulis), called Catinones, which is a very powerful alkaloid analogous to amphetamines. Among the derivatives of cathinone is mephedrine (4-methylmetcatinone (4-MMC)), which has pharmacological effects equivalent to those reported by ecstasy, amphetamines, or cocaine. This article presents an exhaustive review of the literature regarding the main detection methods of 4-MMC known as mephedrone, in addition to presenting the physicochemical, pharmacological, toxicological properties, and the main harmful effects on health. Of particular concern and interest is that this ephedrine-derived medicine comes from a plant and is considered legal in some Western European countries. It has been widely used in recent years for recreational purposes in several countries in Europe, North America, and most South American countries due to its ease of purchase and as a new alternative to ecstasy and cocaine. The effects of 4-MMC are associated with stimulant effects, such as increased concentration, psychomotor stimulation, decreased appetite, and insomnia. Recent studies have described compulsive use of mephedrone as primarily a juvenile phenomenon, and severe addiction, sudden changes in body temperature and heart rate, hallucinations, psychosis, and death from overdose are among the most dangerous side effects.</p>
<p>Based on the above, a review of the literature focusing on the chemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and risk analysis for mephedrone is essential , to find strategies for rapid determination and mitigation of its adverse effects on addicts, as well as avoiding consumption.</p>